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"""
A place for code to be called from core C-code.
Some things are more easily handled Python.
"""
from __future__ import division, absolute_import, print_function
import re
import sys
from numpy.compat import asbytes, basestring
from .multiarray import dtype, array, ndarray
import ctypes
from .numerictypes import object_
if (sys.byteorder == 'little'):
_nbo = asbytes('<')
else:
_nbo = asbytes('>')
def _makenames_list(adict, align):
allfields = []
fnames = list(adict.keys())
for fname in fnames:
obj = adict[fname]
n = len(obj)
if not isinstance(obj, tuple) or n not in [2, 3]:
raise ValueError("entry not a 2- or 3- tuple")
if (n > 2) and (obj[2] == fname):
continue
num = int(obj[1])
if (num < 0):
raise ValueError("invalid offset.")
format = dtype(obj[0], align=align)
if (format.itemsize == 0):
raise ValueError("all itemsizes must be fixed.")
if (n > 2):
title = obj[2]
else:
title = None
allfields.append((fname, format, num, title))
# sort by offsets
allfields.sort(key=lambda x: x[2])
names = [x[0] for x in allfields]
formats = [x[1] for x in allfields]
offsets = [x[2] for x in allfields]
titles = [x[3] for x in allfields]
return names, formats, offsets, titles
# Called in PyArray_DescrConverter function when
# a dictionary without "names" and "formats"
# fields is used as a data-type descriptor.
def _usefields(adict, align):
try:
names = adict[-1]
except KeyError:
names = None
if names is None:
names, formats, offsets, titles = _makenames_list(adict, align)
else:
formats = []
offsets = []
titles = []
for name in names:
res = adict[name]
formats.append(res[0])
offsets.append(res[1])
if (len(res) > 2):
titles.append(res[2])
else:
titles.append(None)
return dtype({"names": names,
"formats": formats,
"offsets": offsets,
"titles": titles}, align)
# construct an array_protocol descriptor list
# from the fields attribute of a descriptor
# This calls itself recursively but should eventually hit
# a descriptor that has no fields and then return
# a simple typestring
def _array_descr(descriptor):
fields = descriptor.fields
if fields is None:
subdtype = descriptor.subdtype
if subdtype is None:
if descriptor.metadata is None:
return descriptor.str
else:
new = descriptor.metadata.copy()
if new:
return (descriptor.str, new)
else:
return descriptor.str
else:
return (_array_descr(subdtype[0]), subdtype[1])
names = descriptor.names
ordered_fields = [fields[x] + (x,) for x in names]
result = []
offset = 0
for field in ordered_fields:
if field[1] > offset:
num = field[1] - offset
result.append(('', '|V%d' % num))
offset += num
if len(field) > 3:
name = (field[2], field[3])
else:
name = field[2]
if field[0].subdtype:
tup = (name, _array_descr(field[0].subdtype[0]),
field[0].subdtype[1])
else:
tup = (name, _array_descr(field[0]))
offset += field[0].itemsize
result.append(tup)
if descriptor.itemsize > offset:
num = descriptor.itemsize - offset
result.append(('', '|V%d' % num))
return result
# Build a new array from the information in a pickle.
# Note that the name numpy.core._internal._reconstruct is embedded in
# pickles of ndarrays made with NumPy before release 1.0
# so don't remove the name here, or you'll
# break backward compatibilty.
def _reconstruct(subtype, shape, dtype):
return ndarray.__new__(subtype, shape, dtype)
# format_re was originally from numarray by J. Todd Miller
format_re = re.compile(asbytes(
r'(?P<order1>[<>|=]?)'
r'(?P<repeats> *[(]?[ ,0-9L]*[)]? *)'
r'(?P<order2>[<>|=]?)'
r'(?P<dtype>[A-Za-z0-9.?]*(?:\[[a-zA-Z0-9,.]+\])?)'))
sep_re = re.compile(asbytes(r'\s*,\s*'))
space_re = re.compile(asbytes(r'\s+$'))
# astr is a string (perhaps comma separated)
_convorder = {asbytes('='): _nbo}
def _commastring(astr):
startindex = 0
result = []
while startindex < len(astr):
mo = format_re.match(astr, pos=startindex)
try:
(order1, repeats, order2, dtype) = mo.groups()
except (TypeError, AttributeError):
raise ValueError('format number %d of "%s" is not recognized' %
(len(result)+1, astr))
startindex = mo.end()
# Separator or ending padding
if startindex < len(astr):
if space_re.match(astr, pos=startindex):
startindex = len(astr)
else:
mo = sep_re.match(astr, pos=startindex)
if not mo:
raise ValueError(
'format number %d of "%s" is not recognized' %
(len(result)+1, astr))
startindex = mo.end()
if order2 == asbytes(''):
order = order1
elif order1 == asbytes(''):
order = order2
else:
order1 = _convorder.get(order1, order1)
order2 = _convorder.get(order2, order2)
if (order1 != order2):
raise ValueError(
'inconsistent byte-order specification %s and %s' %
(order1, order2))
order = order1
if order in [asbytes('|'), asbytes('='), _nbo]:
order = asbytes('')
dtype = order + dtype
if (repeats == asbytes('')):
newitem = dtype
else:
newitem = (dtype, eval(repeats))
result.append(newitem)
return result
def _getintp_ctype():
val = _getintp_ctype.cache
if val is not None:
return val
char = dtype('p').char
if (char == 'i'):
val = ctypes.c_int
elif char == 'l':
val = ctypes.c_long
elif char == 'q':
val = ctypes.c_longlong
else:
val = ctypes.c_long
_getintp_ctype.cache = val
return val
_getintp_ctype.cache = None
# Used for .ctypes attribute of ndarray
class _missing_ctypes(object):
def cast(self, num, obj):
return num
def c_void_p(self, num):
return num
class _ctypes(object):
def __init__(self, array, ptr=None):
try:
self._ctypes = ctypes
except ImportError:
self._ctypes = _missing_ctypes()
self._arr = array
self._data = ptr
if self._arr.ndim == 0:
self._zerod = True
else:
self._zerod = False
def data_as(self, obj):
return self._ctypes.cast(self._data, obj)
def shape_as(self, obj):
if self._zerod:
return None
return (obj*self._arr.ndim)(*self._arr.shape)
def strides_as(self, obj):
if self._zerod:
return None
return (obj*self._arr.ndim)(*self._arr.strides)
def get_data(self):
return self._data
def get_shape(self):
if self._zerod:
return None
return (_getintp_ctype()*self._arr.ndim)(*self._arr.shape)
def get_strides(self):
if self._zerod:
return None
return (_getintp_ctype()*self._arr.ndim)(*self._arr.strides)
def get_as_parameter(self):
return self._ctypes.c_void_p(self._data)
data = property(get_data, None, doc="c-types data")
shape = property(get_shape, None, doc="c-types shape")
strides = property(get_strides, None, doc="c-types strides")
_as_parameter_ = property(get_as_parameter, None, doc="_as parameter_")
# Given a datatype and an order object
# return a new names tuple
# with the order indicated
def _newnames(datatype, order):
oldnames = datatype.names
nameslist = list(oldnames)
if isinstance(order, str):
order = [order]
if isinstance(order, (list, tuple)):
for name in order:
try:
nameslist.remove(name)
except ValueError:
raise ValueError("unknown field name: %s" % (name,))
return tuple(list(order) + nameslist)
raise ValueError("unsupported order value: %s" % (order,))
def _copy_fields(ary):
"""Return copy of structured array with padding between fields removed.
Parameters
----------
ary : ndarray
Structured array from which to remove padding bytes
Returns
-------
ary_copy : ndarray
Copy of ary with padding bytes removed
"""
dt = ary.dtype
copy_dtype = {'names': dt.names,
'formats': [dt.fields[name][0] for name in dt.names]}
return array(ary, dtype=copy_dtype, copy=True)
def _getfield_is_safe(oldtype, newtype, offset):
""" Checks safety of getfield for object arrays.
As in _view_is_safe, we need to check that memory containing objects is not
reinterpreted as a non-object datatype and vice versa.
Parameters
----------
oldtype : data-type
Data type of the original ndarray.
newtype : data-type
Data type of the field being accessed by ndarray.getfield
offset : int
Offset of the field being accessed by ndarray.getfield
Raises
------
TypeError
If the field access is invalid
"""
if newtype.hasobject or oldtype.hasobject:
if offset == 0 and newtype == oldtype:
return
if oldtype.names:
for name in oldtype.names:
if (oldtype.fields[name][1] == offset and
oldtype.fields[name][0] == newtype):
return
raise TypeError("Cannot get/set field of an object array")
return
def _view_is_safe(oldtype, newtype):
""" Checks safety of a view involving object arrays, for example when
doing::
np.zeros(10, dtype=oldtype).view(newtype)
Parameters
----------
oldtype : data-type
Data type of original ndarray
newtype : data-type
Data type of the view
Raises
------
TypeError
If the new type is incompatible with the old type.
"""
# if the types are equivalent, there is no problem.
# for example: dtype((np.record, 'i4,i4')) == dtype((np.void, 'i4,i4'))
if oldtype == newtype:
return
if newtype.hasobject or oldtype.hasobject:
raise TypeError("Cannot change data-type for object array.")
return
# Given a string containing a PEP 3118 format specifier,
# construct a Numpy dtype
_pep3118_native_map = {
'?': '?',
'b': 'b',
'B': 'B',
'h': 'h',
'H': 'H',
'i': 'i',
'I': 'I',
'l': 'l',
'L': 'L',
'q': 'q',
'Q': 'Q',
'e': 'e',
'f': 'f',
'd': 'd',
'g': 'g',
'Zf': 'F',
'Zd': 'D',
'Zg': 'G',
's': 'S',
'w': 'U',
'O': 'O',
'x': 'V', # padding
}
_pep3118_native_typechars = ''.join(_pep3118_native_map.keys())
_pep3118_standard_map = {
'?': '?',
'b': 'b',
'B': 'B',
'h': 'i2',
'H': 'u2',
'i': 'i4',
'I': 'u4',
'l': 'i4',
'L': 'u4',
'q': 'i8',
'Q': 'u8',
'e': 'f2',
'f': 'f',
'd': 'd',
'Zf': 'F',
'Zd': 'D',
's': 'S',
'w': 'U',
'O': 'O',
'x': 'V', # padding
}
_pep3118_standard_typechars = ''.join(_pep3118_standard_map.keys())
def _dtype_from_pep3118(spec, byteorder='@', is_subdtype=False):
fields = {}
offset = 0
explicit_name = False
this_explicit_name = False
common_alignment = 1
is_padding = False
dummy_name_index = [0]
def next_dummy_name():
dummy_name_index[0] += 1
def get_dummy_name():
while True:
name = 'f%d' % dummy_name_index[0]
if name not in fields:
return name
next_dummy_name()
# Parse spec
while spec:
value = None
# End of structure, bail out to upper level
if spec[0] == '}':
spec = spec[1:]
break
# Sub-arrays (1)
shape = None
if spec[0] == '(':
j = spec.index(')')
shape = tuple(map(int, spec[1:j].split(',')))
spec = spec[j+1:]
# Byte order
if spec[0] in ('@', '=', '<', '>', '^', '!'):
byteorder = spec[0]
if byteorder == '!':
byteorder = '>'
spec = spec[1:]
# Byte order characters also control native vs. standard type sizes
if byteorder in ('@', '^'):
type_map = _pep3118_native_map
type_map_chars = _pep3118_native_typechars
else:
type_map = _pep3118_standard_map
type_map_chars = _pep3118_standard_typechars
# Item sizes
itemsize = 1
if spec[0].isdigit():
j = 1
for j in range(1, len(spec)):
if not spec[j].isdigit():
break
itemsize = int(spec[:j])
spec = spec[j:]
# Data types
is_padding = False
if spec[:2] == 'T{':
value, spec, align, next_byteorder = _dtype_from_pep3118(
spec[2:], byteorder=byteorder, is_subdtype=True)
elif spec[0] in type_map_chars:
next_byteorder = byteorder
if spec[0] == 'Z':
j = 2
else:
j = 1
typechar = spec[:j]
spec = spec[j:]
is_padding = (typechar == 'x')
dtypechar = type_map[typechar]
if dtypechar in 'USV':
dtypechar += '%d' % itemsize
itemsize = 1
numpy_byteorder = {'@': '=', '^': '='}.get(byteorder, byteorder)
value = dtype(numpy_byteorder + dtypechar)
align = value.alignment
else:
raise ValueError("Unknown PEP 3118 data type specifier %r" % spec)
#
# Native alignment may require padding
#
# Here we assume that the presence of a '@' character implicitly implies
# that the start of the array is *already* aligned.
#
extra_offset = 0
if byteorder == '@':
start_padding = (-offset) % align
intra_padding = (-value.itemsize) % align
offset += start_padding
if intra_padding != 0:
if itemsize > 1 or (shape is not None and _prod(shape) > 1):
# Inject internal padding to the end of the sub-item
value = _add_trailing_padding(value, intra_padding)
else:
# We can postpone the injection of internal padding,
# as the item appears at most once
extra_offset += intra_padding
# Update common alignment
common_alignment = (align*common_alignment
/ _gcd(align, common_alignment))
# Convert itemsize to sub-array
if itemsize != 1:
value = dtype((value, (itemsize,)))
# Sub-arrays (2)
if shape is not None:
value = dtype((value, shape))
# Field name
this_explicit_name = False
if spec and spec.startswith(':'):
i = spec[1:].index(':') + 1
name = spec[1:i]
spec = spec[i+1:]
explicit_name = True
this_explicit_name = True
else:
name = get_dummy_name()
if not is_padding or this_explicit_name:
if name in fields:
raise RuntimeError("Duplicate field name '%s' in PEP3118 format"
% name)
fields[name] = (value, offset)
if not this_explicit_name:
next_dummy_name()
byteorder = next_byteorder
offset += value.itemsize
offset += extra_offset
# Check if this was a simple 1-item type
if (len(fields) == 1 and not explicit_name and
fields['f0'][1] == 0 and not is_subdtype):
ret = fields['f0'][0]
else:
ret = dtype(fields)
# Trailing padding must be explicitly added
padding = offset - ret.itemsize
if byteorder == '@':
padding += (-offset) % common_alignment
if is_padding and not this_explicit_name:
ret = _add_trailing_padding(ret, padding)
# Finished
if is_subdtype:
return ret, spec, common_alignment, byteorder
else:
return ret
def _add_trailing_padding(value, padding):
"""Inject the specified number of padding bytes at the end of a dtype"""
if value.fields is None:
vfields = {'f0': (value, 0)}
else:
vfields = dict(value.fields)
if (value.names and value.names[-1] == '' and
value[''].char == 'V'):
# A trailing padding field is already present
vfields[''] = ('V%d' % (vfields[''][0].itemsize + padding),
vfields[''][1])
value = dtype(vfields)
else:
# Get a free name for the padding field
j = 0
while True:
name = 'pad%d' % j
if name not in vfields:
vfields[name] = ('V%d' % padding, value.itemsize)
break
j += 1
value = dtype(vfields)
if '' not in vfields:
# Strip out the name of the padding field
names = list(value.names)
names[-1] = ''
value.names = tuple(names)
return value
def _prod(a):
p = 1
for x in a:
p *= x
return p
def _gcd(a, b):
"""Calculate the greatest common divisor of a and b"""
while b:
a, b = b, a % b
return a
# Exception used in shares_memory()
class TooHardError(RuntimeError):
pass