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"""
These are classes to support contour plotting and
labelling for the axes class
"""
from __future__ import division
import warnings
import matplotlib as mpl
import numpy as np
from numpy import ma
import matplotlib._cntr as _cntr
import matplotlib.path as mpath
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
import matplotlib.cm as cm
import matplotlib.colors as colors
import matplotlib.collections as collections
import matplotlib.font_manager as font_manager
import matplotlib.text as text
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
import matplotlib.mlab as mlab
import matplotlib.mathtext as mathtext
import matplotlib.texmanager as texmanager
# Import needed for adding manual selection capability to clabel
from matplotlib.blocking_input import BlockingContourLabeler
# We can't use a single line collection for contour because a line
# collection can have only a single line style, and we want to be able to have
# dashed negative contours, for example, and solid positive contours.
# We could use a single polygon collection for filled contours, but it
# seems better to keep line and filled contours similar, with one collection
# per level.
class ClabelText(text.Text):
"""
Unlike the ordinary text, the get_rotation returns an updated
angle in the pixel coordinate assuming that the input rotation is
an angle in data coordinate (or whatever transform set).
"""
def get_rotation(self):
angle = text.Text.get_rotation(self)
trans = self.get_transform()
x, y = self.get_position()
new_angles = trans.transform_angles(np.array([angle]),
np.array([[x, y]]))
return new_angles[0]
class ContourLabeler:
'''Mixin to provide labelling capability to ContourSet'''
def clabel(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
call signature::
clabel(cs, **kwargs)
adds labels to line contours in *cs*, where *cs* is a
:class:`~matplotlib.contour.ContourSet` object returned by
contour.
::
clabel(cs, v, **kwargs)
only labels contours listed in *v*.
Optional keyword arguments:
*fontsize*:
See http://matplotlib.sf.net/fonts.html
*colors*:
- if *None*, the color of each label matches the color of
the corresponding contour
- if one string color, e.g. *colors* = 'r' or *colors* =
'red', all labels will be plotted in this color
- if a tuple of matplotlib color args (string, float, rgb, etc),
different labels will be plotted in different colors in the order
specified
*inline*:
controls whether the underlying contour is removed or
not. Default is *True*.
*inline_spacing*:
space in pixels to leave on each side of label when
placing inline. Defaults to 5. This spacing will be
exact for labels at locations where the contour is
straight, less so for labels on curved contours.
*fmt*:
a format string for the label. Default is '%1.3f'
Alternatively, this can be a dictionary matching contour
levels with arbitrary strings to use for each contour level
(i.e., fmt[level]=string)
*manual*:
if *True*, contour labels will be placed manually using
mouse clicks. Click the first button near a contour to
add a label, click the second button (or potentially both
mouse buttons at once) to finish adding labels. The third
button can be used to remove the last label added, but
only if labels are not inline. Alternatively, the keyboard
can be used to select label locations (enter to end label
placement, delete or backspace act like the third mouse button,
and any other key will select a label location).
*rightside_up*:
if *True* (default), label rotations will always be plus
or minus 90 degrees from level.
*use_clabeltext*:
if *True* (default is False), ClabelText class (instead of
matplotlib.Text) is used to create labels. ClabelText
recalculates rotation angles of texts during the drawing time,
therefore this can be used if aspect of the axes changes.
.. plot:: mpl_examples/pylab_examples/contour_demo.py
"""
"""
NOTES on how this all works:
clabel basically takes the input arguments and uses them to
add a list of "label specific" attributes to the ContourSet
object. These attributes are all of the form label* and names
should be fairly self explanatory.
Once these attributes are set, clabel passes control to the
labels method (case of automatic label placement) or
BlockingContourLabeler (case of manual label placement).
"""
fontsize = kwargs.get('fontsize', None)
inline = kwargs.get('inline', 1)
inline_spacing = kwargs.get('inline_spacing', 5)
self.labelFmt = kwargs.get('fmt', '%1.3f')
_colors = kwargs.get('colors', None)
self._use_clabeltext = kwargs.get('use_clabeltext', False)
# Detect if manual selection is desired and remove from argument list
self.labelManual=kwargs.get('manual',False)
self.rightside_up = kwargs.get('rightside_up', True)
if len(args) == 0:
levels = self.levels
indices = range(len(levels))
elif len(args) == 1:
levlabs = list(args[0])
indices, levels = [], []
for i, lev in enumerate(self.levels):
if lev in levlabs:
indices.append(i)
levels.append(lev)
if len(levels) < len(levlabs):
msg = "Specified levels " + str(levlabs)
msg += "\n don't match available levels "
msg += str(self.levels)
raise ValueError(msg)
else:
raise TypeError("Illegal arguments to clabel, see help(clabel)")
self.labelLevelList = levels
self.labelIndiceList = indices
self.labelFontProps = font_manager.FontProperties()
if fontsize == None:
font_size = int(self.labelFontProps.get_size_in_points())
else:
if type(fontsize) not in [int, float, str]:
raise TypeError("Font size must be an integer number.")
# Can't it be floating point, as indicated in line above?
else:
if type(fontsize) == str:
font_size = int(self.labelFontProps.get_size_in_points())
else:
self.labelFontProps.set_size(fontsize)
font_size = fontsize
self.labelFontSizeList = [font_size] * len(levels)
if _colors == None:
self.labelMappable = self
self.labelCValueList = np.take(self.cvalues, self.labelIndiceList)
else:
cmap = colors.ListedColormap(_colors, N=len(self.labelLevelList))
self.labelCValueList = range(len(self.labelLevelList))
self.labelMappable = cm.ScalarMappable(cmap = cmap,
norm = colors.NoNorm())
#self.labelTexts = [] # Initialized in ContourSet.__init__
#self.labelCValues = [] # same
self.labelXYs = []
if self.labelManual:
print 'Select label locations manually using first mouse button.'
print 'End manual selection with second mouse button.'
if not inline:
print 'Remove last label by clicking third mouse button.'
blocking_contour_labeler = BlockingContourLabeler(self)
blocking_contour_labeler(inline,inline_spacing)
else:
self.labels(inline,inline_spacing)
# Hold on to some old attribute names. These are depricated and will
# be removed in the near future (sometime after 2008-08-01), but keeping
# for now for backwards compatibility
self.cl = self.labelTexts
self.cl_xy = self.labelXYs
self.cl_cvalues = self.labelCValues
self.labelTextsList = cbook.silent_list('text.Text', self.labelTexts)
return self.labelTextsList
def print_label(self, linecontour,labelwidth):
"if contours are too short, don't plot a label"
lcsize = len(linecontour)
if lcsize > 10 * labelwidth:
return 1
xmax = np.amax(linecontour[:,0])
xmin = np.amin(linecontour[:,0])
ymax = np.amax(linecontour[:,1])
ymin = np.amin(linecontour[:,1])
lw = labelwidth
if (xmax - xmin) > 1.2* lw or (ymax - ymin) > 1.2 * lw:
return 1
else:
return 0
def too_close(self, x,y, lw):
"if there's a label already nearby, find a better place"
if self.labelXYs != []:
dist = [np.sqrt((x-loc[0]) ** 2 + (y-loc[1]) ** 2)
for loc in self.labelXYs]
for d in dist:
if d < 1.2*lw:
return 1
else: return 0
else: return 0
def get_label_coords(self, distances, XX, YY, ysize, lw):
""" labels are ploted at a location with the smallest
dispersion of the contour from a straight line
unless there's another label nearby, in which case
the second best place on the contour is picked up
if there's no good place a label isplotted at the
beginning of the contour
"""
hysize = int(ysize/2)
adist = np.argsort(distances)
for ind in adist:
x, y = XX[ind][hysize], YY[ind][hysize]
if self.too_close(x,y, lw):
continue
else:
return x,y, ind
ind = adist[0]
x, y = XX[ind][hysize], YY[ind][hysize]
return x,y, ind
def get_label_width(self, lev, fmt, fsize):
"get the width of the label in points"
if not cbook.is_string_like(lev):
lev = self.get_text(lev, fmt)
lev, ismath = text.Text.is_math_text(lev)
if ismath == 'TeX':
if not hasattr(self, '_TeX_manager'):
self._TeX_manager = texmanager.TexManager()
lw, _, _ = self._TeX_manager.get_text_width_height_descent(lev, fsize)
elif ismath:
if not hasattr(self, '_mathtext_parser'):
self._mathtext_parser = mathtext.MathTextParser('bitmap')
img, _ = self._mathtext_parser.parse(lev, dpi=72, prop=self.labelFontProps)
lw = img.get_width() # at dpi=72, the units are PostScript points
else:
lw = (len(lev)) * fsize
return lw
def get_real_label_width( self, lev, fmt, fsize ):
"""
This computes actual onscreen label width.
This uses some black magic to determine onscreen extent of non-drawn
label. This magic may not be very robust.
"""
# Find middle of axes
xx = np.mean( np.asarray(self.ax.axis()).reshape(2,2), axis=1 )
# Temporarily create text object
t = text.Text( xx[0], xx[1] )
self.set_label_props( t, self.get_text(lev,fmt), 'k' )
# Some black magic to get onscreen extent
# NOTE: This will only work for already drawn figures, as the canvas
# does not have a renderer otherwise. This is the reason this function
# can't be integrated into the rest of the code.
bbox = t.get_window_extent(renderer=self.ax.figure.canvas.renderer)
# difference in pixel extent of image
lw = np.diff(bbox.corners()[0::2,0])[0]
return lw
def set_label_props(self, label, text, color):
"set the label properties - color, fontsize, text"
label.set_text(text)
label.set_color(color)
label.set_fontproperties(self.labelFontProps)
label.set_clip_box(self.ax.bbox)
def get_text(self, lev, fmt):
"get the text of the label"
if cbook.is_string_like(lev):
return lev
else:
if isinstance(fmt,dict):
return fmt[lev]
else:
return fmt%lev
def locate_label(self, linecontour, labelwidth):
"""find a good place to plot a label (relatively flat
part of the contour) and the angle of rotation for the
text object
"""
nsize= len(linecontour)
if labelwidth > 1:
xsize = int(np.ceil(nsize/labelwidth))
else:
xsize = 1
if xsize == 1:
ysize = nsize
else:
ysize = int(labelwidth)
XX = np.resize(linecontour[:,0],(xsize, ysize))
YY = np.resize(linecontour[:,1],(xsize, ysize))
#I might have fouled up the following:
yfirst = YY[:,0].reshape(xsize, 1)
ylast = YY[:,-1].reshape(xsize, 1)
xfirst = XX[:,0].reshape(xsize, 1)
xlast = XX[:,-1].reshape(xsize, 1)
s = (yfirst-YY) * (xlast-xfirst) - (xfirst-XX) * (ylast-yfirst)
L = np.sqrt((xlast-xfirst)**2+(ylast-yfirst)**2).ravel()
dist = np.add.reduce(([(abs(s)[i]/L[i]) for i in range(xsize)]),-1)
x,y,ind = self.get_label_coords(dist, XX, YY, ysize, labelwidth)
#print 'ind, x, y', ind, x, y
# There must be a more efficient way...
lc = [tuple(l) for l in linecontour]
dind = lc.index((x,y))
#print 'dind', dind
#dind = list(linecontour).index((x,y))
return x, y, dind
def calc_label_rot_and_inline( self, slc, ind, lw, lc=None, spacing=5 ):
"""
This function calculates the appropriate label rotation given
the linecontour coordinates in screen units, the index of the
label location and the label width.
It will also break contour and calculate inlining if *lc* is
not empty (lc defaults to the empty list if None). *spacing*
is the space around the label in pixels to leave empty.
Do both of these tasks at once to avoid calling mlab.path_length
multiple times, which is relatively costly.
The method used here involves calculating the path length
along the contour in pixel coordinates and then looking
approximately label width / 2 away from central point to
determine rotation and then to break contour if desired.
"""
if lc is None: lc = []
# Half the label width
hlw = lw/2.0
# Check if closed and, if so, rotate contour so label is at edge
closed = mlab.is_closed_polygon(slc)
if closed:
slc = np.r_[ slc[ind:-1], slc[:ind+1] ]
if len(lc): # Rotate lc also if not empty
lc = np.r_[ lc[ind:-1], lc[:ind+1] ]
ind = 0
# Path length in pixel space
pl = mlab.path_length(slc)
pl = pl-pl[ind]
# Use linear interpolation to get points around label
xi = np.array( [ -hlw, hlw ] )
if closed: # Look at end also for closed contours
dp = np.array([pl[-1],0])
else:
dp = np.zeros_like(xi)
ll = mlab.less_simple_linear_interpolation( pl, slc, dp+xi,
extrap=True )
# get vector in pixel space coordinates from one point to other
dd = np.diff( ll, axis=0 ).ravel()
# Get angle of vector - must be calculated in pixel space for
# text rotation to work correctly
if np.all(dd==0): # Must deal with case of zero length label
rotation = 0.0
else:
rotation = np.arctan2(dd[1], dd[0]) * 180.0 / np.pi
if self.rightside_up:
# Fix angle so text is never upside-down
if rotation > 90:
rotation = rotation - 180.0
if rotation < -90:
rotation = 180.0 + rotation
# Break contour if desired
nlc = []
if len(lc):
# Expand range by spacing
xi = dp + xi + np.array([-spacing,spacing])
# Get indices near points of interest
I = mlab.less_simple_linear_interpolation(
pl, np.arange(len(pl)), xi, extrap=False )
# If those indices aren't beyond contour edge, find x,y
if (not np.isnan(I[0])) and int(I[0])<>I[0]:
xy1 = mlab.less_simple_linear_interpolation(
pl, lc, [ xi[0] ] )
if (not np.isnan(I[1])) and int(I[1])<>I[1]:
xy2 = mlab.less_simple_linear_interpolation(
pl, lc, [ xi[1] ] )
# Make integer
I = [ np.floor(I[0]), np.ceil(I[1]) ]
# Actually break contours
if closed:
# This will remove contour if shorter than label
if np.all(~np.isnan(I)):
nlc.append( np.r_[ xy2, lc[I[1]:I[0]+1], xy1 ] )
else:
# These will remove pieces of contour if they have length zero
if not np.isnan(I[0]):
nlc.append( np.r_[ lc[:I[0]+1], xy1 ] )
if not np.isnan(I[1]):
nlc.append( np.r_[ xy2, lc[I[1]:] ] )
# The current implementation removes contours completely
# covered by labels. Uncomment line below to keep
# original contour if this is the preferred behavoir.
#if not len(nlc): nlc = [ lc ]
return (rotation,nlc)
def _get_label_text(self,x,y,rotation):
dx,dy = self.ax.transData.inverted().transform_point((x,y))
t = text.Text(dx, dy, rotation = rotation,
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center')
return t
def _get_label_clabeltext(self,x,y,rotation):
# x, y, rotation is given in pixel coordinate. Convert them to
# the data coordinate and create a label using ClabelText
# class. This way, the roation of the clabel is along the
# contour line always.
transDataInv = self.ax.transData.inverted()
dx,dy = transDataInv.transform_point((x,y))
drotation = transDataInv.transform_angles(np.array([rotation]),
np.array([[x,y]]))
t = ClabelText(dx, dy, rotation = drotation[0],
horizontalalignment='center',
verticalalignment='center')
return t
def _add_label(self, t, x, y, lev, cvalue):
color = self.labelMappable.to_rgba(cvalue,alpha=self.alpha)
_text = self.get_text(lev,self.labelFmt)
self.set_label_props(t, _text, color)
self.labelTexts.append(t)
self.labelCValues.append(cvalue)
self.labelXYs.append((x,y))
# Add label to plot here - useful for manual mode label selection
self.ax.add_artist(t)
def add_label(self,x,y,rotation,lev,cvalue):
"""
Addd contour label using Text class.
"""
t = self._get_label_text(x,y,rotation)
self._add_label(t, x, y, lev, cvalue)
def add_label_clabeltext(self,x,y,rotation,lev,cvalue):
"""
Addd contour label using ClabelText class.
"""
# x, y, rotation is given in pixel coordinate. Convert them to
# the data coordinate and create a label using ClabelText
# class. This way, the roation of the clabel is along the
# contour line always.
t = self._get_label_clabeltext(x,y,rotation)
self._add_label(t, x, y, lev, cvalue)
def pop_label(self,index=-1):
'''Defaults to removing last label, but any index can be supplied'''
self.labelCValues.pop(index)
t = self.labelTexts.pop(index)
t.remove()
def labels(self, inline, inline_spacing):
if self._use_clabeltext:
add_label = self.add_label_clabeltext
else:
add_label = self.add_label
for icon, lev, fsize, cvalue in zip(
self.labelIndiceList, self.labelLevelList, self.labelFontSizeList,
self.labelCValueList ):
con = self.collections[icon]
trans = con.get_transform()
lw = self.get_label_width(lev, self.labelFmt, fsize)
additions = []
paths = con.get_paths()
for segNum, linepath in enumerate(paths):
lc = linepath.vertices # Line contour
slc0 = trans.transform(lc) # Line contour in screen coords
# For closed polygons, add extra point to avoid division by
# zero in print_label and locate_label. Other than these
# functions, this is not necessary and should probably be
# eventually removed.
if mlab.is_closed_polygon( lc ):
slc = np.r_[ slc0, slc0[1:2,:] ]
else:
slc = slc0
if self.print_label(slc,lw): # Check if long enough for a label
x,y,ind = self.locate_label(slc, lw)
if inline: lcarg = lc
else: lcarg = None
rotation,new=self.calc_label_rot_and_inline(
slc0, ind, lw, lcarg,
inline_spacing )
# Actually add the label
add_label(x,y,rotation,lev,cvalue)
# If inline, add new contours
if inline:
for n in new:
# Add path if not empty or single point
if len(n)>1: additions.append( mpath.Path(n) )
else: # If not adding label, keep old path
additions.append(linepath)
# After looping over all segments on a contour, remove old
# paths and add new ones if inlining
if inline:
del paths[:]
paths.extend(additions)
class ContourSet(cm.ScalarMappable, ContourLabeler):
"""
Store a set of contour lines or filled regions.
User-callable method: clabel
Useful attributes:
ax:
the axes object in which the contours are drawn
collections:
a silent_list of LineCollections or PolyCollections
levels:
contour levels
layers:
same as levels for line contours; half-way between
levels for filled contours. See _process_colors method.
"""
def __init__(self, ax, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Draw contour lines or filled regions, depending on
whether keyword arg 'filled' is False (default) or True.
The first three arguments must be:
*ax*: axes object.
*levels*: [level0, level1, ..., leveln]
A list of floating point numbers indicating the contour
levels.
*allsegs*: [level0segs, level1segs, ...]
List of all the polygon segments for all the *levels*.
For contour lines len(allsegs) == len(levels), and for
filled contour regions len(allsegs) = len(levels)-1.
level0segs = [polygon0, polygon1, ...]
polygon0 = array_like [[x0,y0], [x1,y1], ...]
*allkinds*: None or [level0kinds, level1kinds, ...]
Optional list of all the polygon vertex kinds (code types), as
described and used in Path. This is used to allow multiply-
connected paths such as holes within filled polygons.
If not None, len(allkinds) == len(allsegs).
level0kinds = [polygon0kinds, ...]
polygon0kinds = [vertexcode0, vertexcode1, ...]
If allkinds is not None, usually all polygons for a particular
contour level are grouped together so that
level0segs = [polygon0] and level0kinds = [polygon0kinds].
Keyword arguments are as described in
:class:`~matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet` object.
**Examples:**
.. plot:: mpl_examples/misc/contour_manual.py
"""
self.ax = ax
self.levels = kwargs.get('levels', None)
self.filled = kwargs.get('filled', False)
self.linewidths = kwargs.get('linewidths', None)
self.linestyles = kwargs.get('linestyles', None)
self.alpha = kwargs.get('alpha', None)
self.origin = kwargs.get('origin', None)
self.extent = kwargs.get('extent', None)
cmap = kwargs.get('cmap', None)
self.colors = kwargs.get('colors', None)
norm = kwargs.get('norm', None)
self.extend = kwargs.get('extend', 'neither')
self.antialiased = kwargs.get('antialiased', True)
self.nchunk = kwargs.get('nchunk', 0)
self.locator = kwargs.get('locator', None)
if (isinstance(norm, colors.LogNorm)
or isinstance(self.locator, ticker.LogLocator)):
self.logscale = True
if norm is None:
norm = colors.LogNorm()
if self.extend is not 'neither':
raise ValueError('extend kwarg does not work yet with log scale')
else:
self.logscale = False
if self.origin is not None: assert(self.origin in
['lower', 'upper', 'image'])
if self.extent is not None: assert(len(self.extent) == 4)
if cmap is not None: assert(isinstance(cmap, colors.Colormap))
if self.colors is not None and cmap is not None:
raise ValueError('Either colors or cmap must be None')
if self.origin == 'image': self.origin = mpl.rcParams['image.origin']
self._process_args(*args, **kwargs)
self._process_levels()
if self.colors is not None:
ncolors = len(self.levels)
if self.filled:
ncolors -= 1
cmap = colors.ListedColormap(self.colors, N=ncolors)
if self.filled:
self.collections = cbook.silent_list('collections.PathCollection')
else:
self.collections = cbook.silent_list('collections.LineCollection')
# label lists must be initialized here
self.labelTexts = []
self.labelCValues = []
kw = {'cmap': cmap}
if norm is not None:
kw['norm'] = norm
cm.ScalarMappable.__init__(self, **kw) # sets self.cmap;
self._process_colors()
self.allsegs, self.allkinds = self._get_allsegs_and_allkinds()
if self.filled:
if self.linewidths is not None:
warnings.warn('linewidths is ignored by contourf')
# Lower and upper contour levels.
lowers, uppers = self._get_lowers_and_uppers()
# Ensure allkinds can be zipped below.
if self.allkinds is None:
self.allkinds = [None]*len(self.allsegs)
for level, level_upper, segs, kinds in \
zip(lowers, uppers, self.allsegs, self.allkinds):
paths = self._make_paths(segs, kinds)
# Default zorder taken from Collection
zorder = kwargs.get('zorder', 1)
col = collections.PathCollection(paths,
antialiaseds = (self.antialiased,),
edgecolors= 'none',
alpha=self.alpha,
zorder=zorder)
self.ax.add_collection(col)
self.collections.append(col)
else:
tlinewidths = self._process_linewidths()
self.tlinewidths = tlinewidths
tlinestyles = self._process_linestyles()
for level, width, lstyle, segs in \
zip(self.levels, tlinewidths, tlinestyles, self.allsegs):
# Default zorder taken from LineCollection
zorder = kwargs.get('zorder', 2)
col = collections.LineCollection(segs,
linewidths = width,
linestyle = lstyle,
alpha=self.alpha,
zorder=zorder)
col.set_label('_nolegend_')
self.ax.add_collection(col, False)
self.collections.append(col)
self.changed() # set the colors
def _process_args(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Process args and kwargs; override in derived classes.
Must set self.levels, self.zmin and self.zmax, and update axes
limits.
"""
self.levels = args[0]
self.allsegs = args[1]
self.allkinds = len(args) > 2 and args[2] or None
self.zmax = np.amax(self.levels)
self.zmin = np.amin(self.levels)
self._auto = False
# Check lengths of levels and allsegs.
if self.filled:
if len(self.allsegs) != len(self.levels)-1:
raise ValueError('must be one less number of segments as levels')
else:
if len(self.allsegs) != len(self.levels):
raise ValueError('must be same number of segments as levels')
# Check length of allkinds.
if self.allkinds is not None and len(self.allkinds) != len(self.allsegs):
raise ValueError('allkinds has different length to allsegs')
# Determine x,y bounds and update axes data limits.
havelimits = False
for segs in self.allsegs:
for seg in segs:
seg = np.asarray(seg)
if havelimits:
min = np.minimum(min, seg.min(axis=0))
max = np.maximum(max, seg.max(axis=0))
else:
min = seg.min(axis=0)
max = seg.max(axis=0)
havelimits = True
if havelimits:
self.ax.update_datalim([min, max])
self.ax.autoscale_view(tight=True)
def _get_allsegs_and_allkinds(self):
"""
Override in derived classes to create and return allsegs and allkinds.
allkinds can be None.
"""
return self.allsegs, self.allkinds
def _get_lowers_and_uppers(self):
"""
Return (lowers,uppers) for filled contours.
"""
lowers = self._levels[:-1]
if self.zmin == lowers[0]:
# Include minimum values in lowest interval
lowers = lowers.copy() # so we don't change self._levels
if self.logscale:
lowers[0] = 0.99 * self.zmin
else:
lowers[0] -= 1
uppers = self._levels[1:]
return (lowers, uppers)
def _make_paths(self, segs, kinds):
if kinds is not None:
return [mpath.Path(seg,codes=kind) for seg,kind in zip(segs,kinds)]
else:
return [mpath.Path(seg) for seg in segs]
def changed(self):
tcolors = [ (tuple(rgba),) for rgba in
self.to_rgba(self.cvalues, alpha=self.alpha)]
self.tcolors = tcolors
for color, collection in zip(tcolors, self.collections):
if self.filled:
collection.set_facecolor(color)
else:
collection.set_color(color)
for label, cv in zip(self.labelTexts, self.labelCValues):
label.set_alpha(self.alpha)
label.set_color(self.labelMappable.to_rgba(cv))
# add label colors
cm.ScalarMappable.changed(self)
def _autolev(self, z, N):
'''
Select contour levels to span the data.
We need two more levels for filled contours than for
line contours, because for the latter we need to specify
the lower and upper boundary of each range. For example,
a single contour boundary, say at z = 0, requires only
one contour line, but two filled regions, and therefore
three levels to provide boundaries for both regions.
'''
if self.locator is None:
if self.logscale:
self.locator = ticker.LogLocator()
else:
self.locator = ticker.MaxNLocator(N+1)
self.locator.create_dummy_axis()
zmax = self.zmax
zmin = self.zmin
self.locator.set_bounds(zmin, zmax)
lev = self.locator()
self._auto = True
if self.filled:
return lev
# For line contours, drop levels outside the data range.
return lev[(lev > zmin) & (lev < zmax)]
def _contour_level_args(self, z, args):
"""
Determine the contour levels and store in self.levels.
"""
if self.filled: fn = 'contourf'
else: fn = 'contour'
self._auto = False
if self.levels is None:
if len(args) == 0:
lev = self._autolev(z, 7)
else:
level_arg = args[0]
try:
if type(level_arg) == int:
lev = self._autolev(z, level_arg)
else:
lev = np.asarray(level_arg).astype(np.float64)
except:
raise TypeError(
"Last %s arg must give levels; see help(%s)" % (fn,fn))
if self.filled and len(lev) < 2:
raise ValueError("Filled contours require at least 2 levels.")
self.levels = lev
def _process_levels(self):
self._levels = list(self.levels)
if self.extend in ('both', 'min'):
self._levels.insert(0, min(self.levels[0],self.zmin) - 1)
if self.extend in ('both', 'max'):
self._levels.append(max(self.levels[-1],self.zmax) + 1)
self._levels = np.asarray(self._levels)
self.vmin = np.amin(self.levels) # alternative would be self.layers
self.vmax = np.amax(self.levels)
if self.extend in ('both', 'min'):
self.vmin = 2 * self.levels[0] - self.levels[1]
if self.extend in ('both', 'max'):
self.vmax = 2 * self.levels[-1] - self.levels[-2]
if self.filled:
self.layers = 0.5 * (self._levels[:-1] + self._levels[1:])
if self.extend in ('both', 'min'):
self.layers[0] = 0.5 * (self.vmin + self._levels[1])
if self.extend in ('both', 'max'):
self.layers[-1] = 0.5 * (self.vmax + self._levels[-2])
else:
self.layers = self.levels # contour: a line is a thin layer
# Use only original levels--no extended levels
def _process_colors(self):
"""
Color argument processing for contouring.
Note that we base the color mapping on the contour levels,
not on the actual range of the Z values. This means we
don't have to worry about bad values in Z, and we always have
the full dynamic range available for the selected levels.
The color is based on the midpoint of the layer, except for
an extended end layers.
"""
self.monochrome = self.cmap.monochrome
if self.colors is not None:
i0, i1 = 0, len(self.levels)
if self.filled:
i1 -= 1
if self.extend in ('both', 'min'):
i0 = -1
if self.extend in ('both', 'max'):
i1 += 1
self.cvalues = range(i0, i1)
self.set_norm(colors.NoNorm())
else:
self.cvalues = self.layers
if not self.norm.scaled():
self.set_clim(self.vmin, self.vmax)
if self.extend in ('both', 'max', 'min'):
self.norm.clip = False
self.set_array(self.layers)
# self.tcolors are set by the "changed" method
def _process_linewidths(self):
linewidths = self.linewidths
Nlev = len(self.levels)
if linewidths is None:
tlinewidths = [(mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth'],)] * Nlev
else:
if not cbook.iterable(linewidths):
linewidths = [linewidths] * Nlev
else:
linewidths = list(linewidths)
if len(linewidths) < Nlev:
nreps = int(np.ceil(Nlev/len(linewidths)))
linewidths = linewidths * nreps
if len(linewidths) > Nlev:
linewidths = linewidths[:Nlev]
tlinewidths = [(w,) for w in linewidths]
return tlinewidths
def _process_linestyles(self):
linestyles = self.linestyles
Nlev = len(self.levels)
if linestyles is None:
tlinestyles = ['solid'] * Nlev
if self.monochrome:
neg_ls = mpl.rcParams['contour.negative_linestyle']
eps = - (self.zmax - self.zmin) * 1e-15
for i, lev in enumerate(self.levels):
if lev < eps:
tlinestyles[i] = neg_ls
else:
if cbook.is_string_like(linestyles):
tlinestyles = [linestyles] * Nlev
elif cbook.iterable(linestyles):
tlinestyles = list(linestyles)
if len(tlinestyles) < Nlev:
nreps = int(np.ceil(Nlev/len(linestyles)))
tlinestyles = tlinestyles * nreps
if len(tlinestyles) > Nlev:
tlinestyles = tlinestyles[:Nlev]
else:
raise ValueError("Unrecognized type for linestyles kwarg")
return tlinestyles
def get_alpha(self):
'''returns alpha to be applied to all ContourSet artists'''
return self.alpha
def set_alpha(self, alpha):
'''sets alpha for all ContourSet artists'''
self.alpha = alpha
self.changed()
def find_nearest_contour( self, x, y, indices=None, pixel=True ):
"""
Finds contour that is closest to a point. Defaults to
measuring distance in pixels (screen space - useful for manual
contour labeling), but this can be controlled via a keyword
argument.
Returns a tuple containing the contour, segment, index of
segment, x & y of segment point and distance to minimum point.
Call signature::
conmin,segmin,imin,xmin,ymin,dmin = find_nearest_contour(
self, x, y, indices=None, pixel=True )
Optional keyword arguments::
*indices*:
Indexes of contour levels to consider when looking for
nearest point. Defaults to using all levels.
*pixel*:
If *True*, measure distance in pixel space, if not, measure
distance in axes space. Defaults to *True*.
"""
# This function uses a method that is probably quite
# inefficient based on converting each contour segment to
# pixel coordinates and then comparing the given point to
# those coordinates for each contour. This will probably be
# quite slow for complex contours, but for normal use it works
# sufficiently well that the time is not noticeable.
# Nonetheless, improvements could probably be made.
if indices==None:
indices = range(len(self.levels))
dmin = 1e10
conmin = None
segmin = None
xmin = None
ymin = None
for icon in indices:
con = self.collections[icon]
trans = con.get_transform()
paths = con.get_paths()
for segNum, linepath in enumerate(paths):
lc = linepath.vertices
# transfer all data points to screen coordinates if desired
if pixel:
lc = trans.transform(lc)
ds = (lc[:,0]-x)**2 + (lc[:,1]-y)**2
d = min( ds )
if d < dmin:
dmin = d
conmin = icon
segmin = segNum
imin = mpl.mlab.find( ds == d )[0]
xmin = lc[imin,0]
ymin = lc[imin,1]
return (conmin,segmin,imin,xmin,ymin,dmin)
class QuadContourSet(ContourSet):
"""
Create and store a set of contour lines or filled regions.
User-callable method: clabel
Useful attributes:
ax:
the axes object in which the contours are drawn
collections:
a silent_list of LineCollections or PolyCollections
levels:
contour levels
layers:
same as levels for line contours; half-way between
levels for filled contours. See _process_colors method.
"""
def __init__(self, ax, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Calculate and draw contour lines or filled regions, depending
on whether keyword arg 'filled' is False (default) or True.
The first argument of the initializer must be an axes
object. The remaining arguments and keyword arguments
are described in QuadContourSet.contour_doc.
"""
ContourSet.__init__(self, ax, *args, **kwargs)
def _process_args(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Process args and kwargs.
"""
if isinstance(args[0], QuadContourSet):
C = args[0].Cntr
if self.levels is None:
self.levels = args[0].levels
self.zmin = args[0].zmin
self.zmax = args[0].zmax
else:
x, y, z = self._contour_args(args, kwargs)
x0 = ma.minimum(x)
x1 = ma.maximum(x)
y0 = ma.minimum(y)
y1 = ma.maximum(y)
self.ax.update_datalim([(x0,y0), (x1,y1)])
self.ax.autoscale_view(tight=True)
_mask = ma.getmask(z)
if _mask is ma.nomask:
_mask = None
C = _cntr.Cntr(x, y, z.filled(), _mask)
self.Cntr = C
def _get_allsegs_and_allkinds(self):
"""
Create and return allsegs and allkinds by calling underlying C code.
"""
allsegs = []
if self.filled:
lowers, uppers = self._get_lowers_and_uppers()
allkinds = []
for level, level_upper in zip(lowers, uppers):
nlist = self.Cntr.trace(level, level_upper, nchunk = self.nchunk)
nseg = len(nlist)//2
segs = nlist[:nseg]
kinds = nlist[nseg:]
allsegs.append(segs)
allkinds.append(kinds)
else:
allkinds = None
for level in self.levels:
nlist = self.Cntr.trace(level)
nseg = len(nlist)//2
segs = nlist[:nseg]
allsegs.append(segs)
return allsegs, allkinds
def _contour_args(self, args, kwargs):
if self.filled: fn = 'contourf'
else: fn = 'contour'
Nargs = len(args)
if Nargs <= 2:
z = ma.asarray(args[0], dtype=np.float64)
x, y = self._initialize_x_y(z)
args = args[1:]
elif Nargs <=4:
x,y,z = self._check_xyz(args[:3], kwargs)
args = args[3:]
else:
raise TypeError("Too many arguments to %s; see help(%s)" % (fn,fn))
z = ma.masked_invalid(z, copy=False)
self.zmax = ma.maximum(z)
self.zmin = ma.minimum(z)
if self.logscale and self.zmin <= 0:
z = ma.masked_where(z <= 0, z)
warnings.warn('Log scale: values of z <= 0 have been masked')
self.zmin = z.min()
self._contour_level_args(z, args)
return (x, y, z)
def _check_xyz(self, args, kwargs):
'''
For functions like contour, check that the dimensions
of the input arrays match; if x and y are 1D, convert
them to 2D using meshgrid.
Possible change: I think we should make and use an ArgumentError
Exception class (here and elsewhere).
'''
x, y = args[:2]
self.ax._process_unit_info(xdata=x, ydata=y, kwargs=kwargs)
x = self.ax.convert_xunits(x)
y = self.ax.convert_yunits(y)
x = np.asarray(x, dtype=np.float64)
y = np.asarray(y, dtype=np.float64)
z = ma.asarray(args[2], dtype=np.float64)
if z.ndim != 2:
raise TypeError("Input z must be a 2D array.")
else: Ny, Nx = z.shape
if x.shape == z.shape and y.shape == z.shape:
return x,y,z
if x.ndim != 1 or y.ndim != 1:
raise TypeError("Inputs x and y must be 1D or 2D.")
nx, = x.shape
ny, = y.shape
if nx != Nx or ny != Ny:
raise TypeError("Length of x must be number of columns in z,\n" +
"and length of y must be number of rows.")
x,y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
return x,y,z
def _initialize_x_y(self, z):
'''
Return X, Y arrays such that contour(Z) will match imshow(Z)
if origin is not None.
The center of pixel Z[i,j] depends on origin:
if origin is None, x = j, y = i;
if origin is 'lower', x = j + 0.5, y = i + 0.5;
if origin is 'upper', x = j + 0.5, y = Nrows - i - 0.5
If extent is not None, x and y will be scaled to match,
as in imshow.
If origin is None and extent is not None, then extent
will give the minimum and maximum values of x and y.
'''
if z.ndim != 2:
raise TypeError("Input must be a 2D array.")
else:
Ny, Nx = z.shape
if self.origin is None: # Not for image-matching.
if self.extent is None:
return np.meshgrid(np.arange(Nx), np.arange(Ny))
else:
x0,x1,y0,y1 = self.extent
x = np.linspace(x0, x1, Nx)
y = np.linspace(y0, y1, Ny)
return np.meshgrid(x, y)
# Match image behavior:
if self.extent is None:
x0,x1,y0,y1 = (0, Nx, 0, Ny)
else:
x0,x1,y0,y1 = self.extent
dx = float(x1 - x0)/Nx
dy = float(y1 - y0)/Ny
x = x0 + (np.arange(Nx) + 0.5) * dx
y = y0 + (np.arange(Ny) + 0.5) * dy
if self.origin == 'upper':
y = y[::-1]
return np.meshgrid(x,y)
contour_doc = """
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.contour` and
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.contourf` draw contour lines and
filled contours, respectively. Except as noted, function
signatures and return values are the same for both versions.
:func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.contourf` differs from the MATLAB
version in that it does not draw the polygon edges.
To draw edges, add line contours with
calls to :func:`~matplotlib.pyplot.contour`.
call signatures::
contour(Z)
make a contour plot of an array *Z*. The level values are chosen
automatically.
::
contour(X,Y,Z)
*X*, *Y* specify the (*x*, *y*) coordinates of the surface
::
contour(Z,N)
contour(X,Y,Z,N)
contour *N* automatically-chosen levels.
::
contour(Z,V)
contour(X,Y,Z,V)
draw contour lines at the values specified in sequence *V*
::
contourf(..., V)
fill the (len(*V*)-1) regions between the values in *V*
::
contour(Z, **kwargs)
Use keyword args to control colors, linewidth, origin, cmap ... see
below for more details.
*X*, *Y*, and *Z* must be arrays with the same dimensions.
*Z* may be a masked array, but filled contouring may not
handle internal masked regions correctly.
``C = contour(...)`` returns a
:class:`~matplotlib.contour.QuadContourSet` object.
Optional keyword arguments:
*colors*: [ None | string | (mpl_colors) ]
If *None*, the colormap specified by cmap will be used.
If a string, like 'r' or 'red', all levels will be plotted in this
color.
If a tuple of matplotlib color args (string, float, rgb, etc),
different levels will be plotted in different colors in the order
specified.
*alpha*: float
The alpha blending value
*cmap*: [ None | Colormap ]
A cm :class:`~matplotlib.cm.Colormap` instance or
*None*. If *cmap* is *None* and *colors* is *None*, a
default Colormap is used.
*norm*: [ None | Normalize ]
A :class:`matplotlib.colors.Normalize` instance for
scaling data values to colors. If *norm* is *None* and
*colors* is *None*, the default linear scaling is used.
*levels* [level0, level1, ..., leveln]
A list of floating point numbers indicating the level
curves to draw; eg to draw just the zero contour pass
``levels=[0]``
*origin*: [ None | 'upper' | 'lower' | 'image' ]
If *None*, the first value of *Z* will correspond to the
lower left corner, location (0,0). If 'image', the rc
value for ``image.origin`` will be used.
This keyword is not active if *X* and *Y* are specified in
the call to contour.
*extent*: [ None | (x0,x1,y0,y1) ]
If *origin* is not *None*, then *extent* is interpreted as
in :func:`matplotlib.pyplot.imshow`: it gives the outer
pixel boundaries. In this case, the position of Z[0,0]
is the center of the pixel, not a corner. If *origin* is
*None*, then (*x0*, *y0*) is the position of Z[0,0], and
(*x1*, *y1*) is the position of Z[-1,-1].
This keyword is not active if *X* and *Y* are specified in
the call to contour.
*locator*: [ None | ticker.Locator subclass ]
If *locator* is None, the default
:class:`~matplotlib.ticker.MaxNLocator` is used. The
locator is used to determine the contour levels if they
are not given explicitly via the *V* argument.
*extend*: [ 'neither' | 'both' | 'min' | 'max' ]
Unless this is 'neither', contour levels are automatically
added to one or both ends of the range so that all data
are included. These added ranges are then mapped to the
special colormap values which default to the ends of the
colormap range, but can be set via
:meth:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap.set_under` and
:meth:`matplotlib.colors.Colormap.set_over` methods.
*xunits*, *yunits*: [ None | registered units ]
Override axis units by specifying an instance of a
:class:`matplotlib.units.ConversionInterface`.
contour-only keyword arguments:
*linewidths*: [ None | number | tuple of numbers ]
If *linewidths* is *None*, the default width in
``lines.linewidth`` in ``matplotlibrc`` is used.
If a number, all levels will be plotted with this linewidth.
If a tuple, different levels will be plotted with different
linewidths in the order specified
*linestyles*: [None | 'solid' | 'dashed' | 'dashdot' | 'dotted' ]
If *linestyles* is *None*, the 'solid' is used.
*linestyles* can also be an iterable of the above strings
specifying a set of linestyles to be used. If this
iterable is shorter than the number of contour levels
it will be repeated as necessary.
If contour is using a monochrome colormap and the contour
level is less than 0, then the linestyle specified
in ``contour.negative_linestyle`` in ``matplotlibrc``
will be used.
contourf-only keyword arguments:
*antialiased*: [ True | False ]
enable antialiasing
*nchunk*: [ 0 | integer ]
If 0, no subdivision of the domain. Specify a positive integer to
divide the domain into subdomains of roughly *nchunk* by *nchunk*
points. This may never actually be advantageous, so this option may
be removed. Chunking introduces artifacts at the chunk boundaries
unless *antialiased* is *False*.
Note: contourf fills intervals that are closed at the top; that
is, for boundaries *z1* and *z2*, the filled region is::
z1 < z <= z2
There is one exception: if the lowest boundary coincides with
the minimum value of the *z* array, then that minimum value
will be included in the lowest interval.
**Examples:**
.. plot:: mpl_examples/pylab_examples/contour_demo.py
.. plot:: mpl_examples/pylab_examples/contourf_demo.py
"""